The UK’s underground structures contain undeveloped geothermal potential which can support net zero ambitions through the reutilisation of industrial heritage.

This report examines how geothermal power from UK mines can meet energy demands in a sustainable and effective manner.

Geothermal Energy and UK Mines

Renewable geothermal energy emerges from subterranean heat and plays an essential role in district heating and electricity production.

Abandoned, water-filled UK mines provide extensive reservoirs of warm water heated by natural Earth processes.

The UK’s Subsurface Potential

Regions with a long mining history—such as the North East of England, Yorkshire, Scotland and South Wales—hold significant potential for geothermal extraction.

Research shows increased subsurface water temperatures in these mines can supply highly localised energy solutions.

Benefits of Mine-Based Geothermal Systems

Renewable and Sustainable

Geothermal systems deliver continuous energy with far fewer carbon emissions than fossil fuels.

Cost-Effectiveness

Existing mine infrastructure reduces development costs compared with greenfield projects.

Energy Security

Local geothermal supplies lower dependence on imported fuel and enable decentralised grids.

Community Regeneration

Repurposed mining sites create jobs and boost local economies through new energy infrastructure.

Technical Considerations

Thermal Properties

Mine water temperatures vary by depth and location, affecting feasibility of energy extraction.

Hydraulic Connectivity

Efficient water flow through underground networks is vital for effective heat transfer.

Water Quality

Chemical characteristics, such as salinity and metal content, may require treatment before heat exchange.

Energy Distribution

Local infrastructure must support the delivery of heat to district systems or specialist energy centres.

Regulatory Frameworks

Projects must secure permissions for mine access and comply with environmental regulations.

Successful UK Projects

Gateshead Mine Energy Project

This scheme uses residual mine water to heat homes and businesses, delivering cost savings and sustainability.

CUNORTH in Scotland

Glasgow’s project combines geothermal extraction with research to expand renewable energy use.

The Road Ahead

Scaling mine-based geothermal energy requires further research, infrastructure investment and public-private partnerships.

Former mining regions can become sustainable power hubs, helping the UK achieve its zero-carbon targets.