The Context & Root Causes of Haiti’s Security Challenges

Chronic political instability, weak institutions, and poverty have left Haiti underfunded and ill-equipped to counter rising gang violence.

Overdependence on External Aid

Since MINUSTAH’s 2017 exit, Haiti’s security forces have lacked sustainable financing and capacity-building support.

Weak Domestic Revenue Generation

Corruption and inefficiency limit tax collection—only ~1% of GDP funds policing and justice, far below needs.

The Impacts of the Funding Shortfall

Escalation of Gang Violence

Armed groups now control large areas, displacing nearly 200,000 people in 2023 and disrupting services.

Erosion of Public Trust

Citizens perceive the government as ineffective, fueling calls for external intervention.

Impaired Economic Growth

Extortion and insecurity deter investment and stifle business activity, trapping Haiti in poverty.

International Response & Its Limitations

Funding Gaps in Key Areas

Pledges fall short of needs—Kenya-led security force delays highlight mismatches between commitments and action.

A Need for Holistic Approaches

Effective aid must link security funding to governance reforms and address poverty and corruption.

Paths Forward

Strengthen Domestic Institutions

Build a professional police force and reform the judiciary with sustained local investment.

Ensure Transparency

Independent oversight must verify that security funds reach salaries, equipment, and infrastructure.

Foster Regional Collaboration

CARICOM and international partners should coordinate political solutions and pooled resources.

Engage Communities

Invest in education, jobs, and youth programmes to undercut gang recruitment at its roots.

Looking Ahead

Haiti’s stability hinges on a coordinated blend of international support and domestic reform. Addressing the security funding gap is the critical first step.